Dryout prediction with CFD model of annular two-phase flow

Two-phase flow and heat transfer are of interest to industrial applications due to its high efficiency. In a diabatic annular two-phase flow, the liquid film is depleted by both entrainment of liquid droplets and by evaporation. When the liquid film experiences almost complete depletion and cannot cover the wall, the heat transfer between the fluid and the channel wall significantly deteriorates, leading to the onset of boiling transition called dryout. While the dryout is milder than the departure from nucleate boiling (DNB) occurring in low quality two-phase flows, it could still challenge and damage the channel wall. As a result, the dryout occurrence needs to accurately predicted and avoided in practice, such as in boiling water reactors (BWRs). Research interests haven been recently focused on dryout prediction with annular flow modeling, with three fields of gas, droplets and liquid film accounted for. In the current study, one unified computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for annular flow was developed for dryout applications. The model is employing a separate solver of two-dimensional conservation equations to predict propagation of a thin boiling liquid film on solid walls. The film model is coupled to a solver of three-dimensional conservation equations describing the gas core, which is assumed to contain a saturated mixture of vapor and liquid droplets. All the major interaction phenomena between the liquid film and the gas core flow have been accounted for, including the liquid film evaporation as well as the droplet deposition and entrainment. The resultant unified framework for annular flow has been applied to the swam-water flow with conditions typical for a BWR. The simulation results for the liquid film flow and dryout occurrence show favorable agreements with the available experimental data.