Journal
NEW PHYTOLOGIST
Volume 224, Issue 1, Pages 352-366Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/nph.16013
Keywords
Bauhinia forficata; non-model legume; oxidosqualene cyclase; triterpenoid; alpha-amyrin
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Funding
- Frontier Research Base for Global Young Researchers, Osaka University - Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- Monbukagakusho Scholarship from MEXT
- [JP15H04485]
- [JP17H05442]
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Triterpenoids are widely distributed among plants of the legume family. However, most studies have focused on triterpenoids and their biosynthetic enzymes in model legumes. We evaluated the triterpenoid aglycones profile of the medicinal legume tree Bauhinia forficata by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Through transcriptome analyses, homology-based cloning, and heterologous expression, we discovered four oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs) which are responsible for the diversity of triterpenols in B. forficata. We also investigated the effects of the unique motif TLCYCR on alpha-amyrin synthase activity. B. forficata highly accumulated alpha-amyrin. We discovered an OSC with a preponderant alpha-amyrin-producing activity, which accounted for at least 95% of the total triterpenols. We also discovered three other functional OSCs (BfOSC1, BfOSC2, and BfOSC4) that produce beta-amyrin, germanicol, and cycloartenol. Furthermore, by replacing the unique motif TLCYCR from BfOSC3 with the MWCYCR motif, we altered the function of BfOSC3 such that it no longer produced alpha-amyrin. Our results provide new insights into OSC cyclization, which is responsible for the diversity of triterpenoid metabolites in B. forficata, a non-model legume plant.
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