Journal
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 17, Issue 12, Pages 742-753Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/s41579-019-0256-8
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Funding
- EMBO Long Term Fellowship [2016-1088]
- European Union [747114]
- European Crohn's and Colitis Organization (ECCO) Fellowship
- Ke Lin Program of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
- Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust
- Adelis Foundation
- Pearl Welinsky Merlo Scientific Progress Research Fund
- Lawrence and Sandra Post Family Foundation
- Daniel Morris Trust
- Park Avenue Charitable Fund
- Hanna and Dr. Ludwik Wallach Cancer Research Fund
- Howard and Nancy Marks Charitable Fund
- Aliza Moussaieff Estate of Malka Moskowitz
- Estate of Myron H. Ackerman
- Estate of Bernard Bishin
- European Research Council
- Israel Science Foundation
- Israel Ministry of Science and Technology
- Israel Ministry of Health
- Helmholtz Foundation
- Else Kroener Fresenius Foundation
- Garvan Institute
- European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation
- DeutschIsraelische Projektkooperation
- Wellcome Trust
- Marie Curie Actions (MSCA) [747114] Funding Source: Marie Curie Actions (MSCA)
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Conceptual scientific and medical advances have led to a recent realization that there may be no single, one-size-fits-all diet and that differential human responses to dietary inputs may rather be driven by unique and quantifiable host and microbiome features. Integration of these person-specific host and microbiome readouts into actionable modules may complement traditional food measurement approaches in devising diets that are of benefit to the individual. Although many host-derived factors are hardwired and difficult to modulate, the microbiome may be more readily reshaped by environmental factors such as dietary exposures and is increasingly recognized to potentially impact human physiology by participating in digestion, the absorption of nutrients, shaping of the mucosal immune response and the synthesis or modulation of a plethora of potentially bioactive compounds. Thus, diet-induced microbiota alterations may be harnessed in order to induce changes in host physiology, including disease development and progression. However, major limitations in 'big-data' processing and analysis still limit our interpretive and translational capabilities concerning these person-specific host, microbiome and diet interactions. In this Review, we describe the latest advances in understanding diet-microbiota interactions, the individuality of gut microbiota composition and how this knowledge could be harnessed for personalized nutrition strategies to improve human health.
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