4.7 Article

Optimal policy for multi-alternative decisions

Journal

NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 22, Issue 9, Pages 1503-+

Publisher

NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/s41593-019-0453-9

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Funding

  1. Swiss National Foundation [31003A_143707]
  2. Simons Foundation [325057]
  3. Scholar Award in Understanding Human Cognition by the James S. McDonnell Foundation [220020462]
  4. Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [31003A_143707] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)

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Everyday decisions frequently require choosing among multiple alternatives. Yet the optimal policy for such decisions is unknown. Here we derive the normative policy for general multi-alternative decisions. This strategy requires evidence accumulation to nonlinear, time-dependent bounds that trigger choices. A geometric symmetry in those boundaries allows the optimal strategy to be implemented by a simple neural circuit involving normalization with fixed decision bounds and an urgency signal. The model captures several key features of the response of decision-making neurons as well as the increase in reaction time as a function of the number of alternatives, known as Hick's law. In addition, we show that in the presence of divisive normalization and internal variability, our model can account for several so-called 'irrational' behaviors, such as the similarity effect as well as the violation of both the independence of irrelevant alternatives principle and the regularity principle.

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