Galaxy structural analysis with the curvature of the brightness profile

In this work, we introduce the curvature of a galaxy brightness profile to identify its structural subcomponents in a non-parametrically fashion. Bulges, bars, discs, lens, rings, and spiral arms are key to understand the formation and evolution path the galaxy undertook. Identifying them is also crucial for morphological classification of galaxies. We measure and analyse in detail the curvature of 14 galaxies with varied morphology. High (low) steepness profiles show high (low) curvature measures. Transitions between components are identified as local peaks oscillations in the values of the curvature. We identify patterns that characterize bulges (pseudo or classic), discs, bars, and rings. This method can be automated to identify galaxy components in large data sets or to provide a reliable starting point for traditional multicomponent modelling of galaxy light distribution.