Urodynamic Outcomes in Children after Single and Multiple Injections for Overactive and Low Compliance Neurogenic Bladder Treated with Abobotulinum Toxin A

Purpose: Intradetrusor botulinum toxin is an established part of the treatment pathway for pediatric patients with neurogenic bladder. We determined the urodynamic effect of single and multiple administrations of abobotulinum toxin A in pediatric patients with neurogenic bladder, and determined the urodynamic efficacy of abobotulinum toxin A in low compliance vs overactive bladders. Materials and Methods: We conducted a single center retrospective review of all pediatric patients with neurogenic bladder treated with abobotulinum toxin A. Videourodynamic data on cystometric capacity, maximum neurogenic detrusor overactivity pressure and compliance were gathered before and after the first abobotulinum toxin A administration and after the last administration. Patients were divided into low compliance and overactive bladder groups depending on initial videourodynamics findings. Paired t-test was used to compare videourodynamic outcomes before vs after abobotulinum toxin A injection. The MannWhitney U test was used to compare bladder groups. Results: A total of 30 patients were included in the study. Of these patients 15 (50%) received multiple abobotulinum toxin A injections. There were 16 patients (53%) with overactive bladder. Abobotulinum toxin A administration significantly improved cystometric capacity (p <0.0001) and maximum neurogenic detrusor overactivity (p = 0.0001). Overall, compliance did not change significantly (p = 0.25). There was no significant difference in urodynamic parameters between first and last abobotulinum toxin A injections. Improvement in cystometric capacity (p = 0.05) and maximum neurogenic detrusor overactivity (p = 0.25) was similar between the low compliance and overactive bladder groups. Compliance significantly improved in the low compliance group vs the overactive bladder group (p =0.016). Conclusions: Intradetrusor abobotulinum toxin A improves cystometric capacity and maximum neurogenic detrusor overactivity in pediatric patients with neurogenic bladder. This effect is maintained over multiple injections. Compliance is significantly improved in patients with low compliance bladder vs overactive bladder.