Journal
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
Volume 74, Issue 6, Pages 804-813Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.06.053
Keywords
aging; amyloidosis; comorbidities; heart failure; risk factors
Categories
Funding
- Amgen
- Bayer
- Boehringer Ingelheim
- Elpen
- Lilly
- Menarini
- Merck
- Novartis
- Sanofi
- Servier
- Vianex
- WinMedica
- National Institutes of Health
- Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute
- European Union
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Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome that usually develops in the elderly. Complex interactions of the cardiovascular aging process with risk factors (obesity, hypertension, and atherosclerosis), comorbidities (anemia, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and so on), and disease modifiers (sex, genes, others) contribute to the development of HF phenotype and outcome. A conglomerate of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlies the effects of aging on cardiovascular function, the most important being excessive oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation superimposed on the limited cardiac regeneration capacity. Notably, a sizeable percentage of elderly HF patients have cardiac amyloidosis, an HF precipitator. This review summarizes the current published data on the mechanisms of cardiovascular aging as they contribute to the development of HF phenotype and outcome. (C) 2019 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.
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