Journal
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL
Volume 52, Issue 43, Pages -Publisher
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1088/1751-8121/ab435a
Keywords
open quantum systems; asymptotics; functional analysis and operator theory; cyclic machines; mathematical physics; nonequilibrium systems
Categories
Funding
- Academy of Finland [308515, 312299, 296073]
- Academy of Finland (AKA) [312299, 312299, 296073, 296073, 308515] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)
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We investigate the long-time behavior of quantum N-level systems that are coupled to a Markovian environment and subject to periodic driving. As our main result, we obtain a general algebraic condition ensuring that all solutions of a periodic quantum master equation with Lindblad form approach a unique limit cycle. Quite intuitively, this criterion requires that the dissipative terms of the master equation connect all subspaces of the system Hilbert space during an arbitrarily small fraction of the cycle time. Our results provide a natural extension of Spohn's algebraic condition for the approach to equilibrium to systems with external driving. Moreover, our theory leads to a rigorous condition for the emergence of dissipative discrete time crystals and covers also classical, periodically modulated Markov jump processes.
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