Journal
JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE
Volume 213, Issue -, Pages 88-97Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2019.04.034
Keywords
Carbazole; Zinc phthalocyanine; Graphene quantum dots; Nonlinear absorption; Solvatochromism
Categories
Funding
- College of Graduate Studies at Kuwait University
- Kuwait University Research Administration-RSP unit general facilities of the Faculty of Science GFS [GS 01/01, GS 02/01, GS 03/01, GS 01/03, GS 01/05, GS02/13, GS 03/08]
- Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Science (KFAS) [P114-14-SC01]
- Department of Science and Technology Innovation
- National Research Foundation, South Africa, through a DST/NRF South African Research Chairs Initiative for the Professor of Medicinal Chemistry and Nanotechnology [UID 62620]
- Rhodes University
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Three different phthalocyanine complexes substituted with carbazoles were conjugated to graphene quantum dots (GQDs) through pi-pi stacking. The morphologies, sizes, and crystallinities of the nanoconjugates were determined using Raman spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the metallophthalocyanines alone and when conjugated to the GQD nanomaterial in different solvents, as well as after having been embedded in thin films, were studied. The effects of the different substituents and solvents on the NLO properties of the metallophthalocyanines were evaluated. Enhancements in the photophysical properties of the complexes upon conjugation with the nanomaterial were observed. Fluorescence quantum yields, fluorescence lifetimes, triplet quantum yields, and triplet lifetimes were measured for the complexes, and for their conjugates in DMSO.
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