Journal
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
Volume 70, Issue 21, Pages 6447-6459Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz386
Keywords
Climate change; elevated CO2; grain yield; heat stress; photosynthetic acclimation; temperature response; wheat
Categories
Funding
- 'Agriculture, Fisheries & Forestry Postgraduate Research Scholarship
- Western Sydney University
- Australian Commonwealth Department for Agriculture and Water Resources through the 'Filling the research gap'
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Hot days are becoming hotter and more frequent, threatening wheat yields worldwide. Developing wheat varieties ready for future climates calls for improved understanding of how elevated CO2 (eCO(2)) and heat stress (HS) interactively impact wheat yields. We grew a modern, high-yielding wheat cultivar (Scout) at ambient CO2 (aCO(2), 419 mu l l (-1)) or eCO(2) (654 mu l l(-1)) in a glasshouse maintained at 22/15 degrees C (day/night). Half of the plants were exposed to HS (40/24 degrees C) for 5 d at anthesis. In non-HS plants, eCO(2) enhanced (+36%) CO2 assimilation rates (A(sat)) measured at growth CO2 despite down-regulation of photosynthetic capacity. HS reduced A(sat) (-42%) in aCO(2)- but not in eCO(2)-grown plants because eCO(2) protected photosynthesis by increasing ribulose bisphosphate regeneration capacity and reducing photochemical damage under HS. eCO(2) stimulated biomass (+35%) of all plants and grain yield (+30%) of non-HS plants only. Plant biomass initially decreased following HS but recovered at maturity due to late tillering. HS equally reduced grain yield (-40%) in aCO(2)- and eCO(2)-grown plants due to grain abortion and reduced grain filling. While eCO(2) mitigated the negative impacts of HS at anthesis on wheat photosynthesis and biomass, grain yield was reduced by HS in both CO2 treatments.
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