Journal
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
Volume 33, Issue 1, Pages 317-338Publisher
AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0204.1
Keywords
Atmosphere-ocean interaction; Atmospheric circulation; Ocean circulation; Energy transport; Precipitation; Interannual variability
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The overturning circulations in the atmosphere and ocean transport energy from the tropics to higher latitudes and thereby modulate Earth's climate. The interannual variability in the overturning over the last 40 years is found to be dominated by two coupled atmosphere-ocean modes. The first is related to the meridional motion of the intertropical convergence zone and the second to El Nino. Both modes have a strong influence on the sea level variability in the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean. The interannual variability of the cross-equatorial energy transport is dominated by the first mode, and the variability is larger in the Indo-Pacific Ocean than in the Atlantic Ocean or the atmosphere. Our results suggest an important role of oceanic energy transport in setting precipitation patterns in the tropics and a key role of the Indo-Pacific Ocean as a climate modulator.
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