Curcumin synergistically potentiates the protective effect of sitagliptin against chronic deltamethrin nephrotoxicity in rats: Impact on pro-inflammatory cytokines and Nrf2/Ho-1 pathway

Deltamethrin (DLM) is a synthesized organophosphorus acaricide and bug spray, broadly utilized for veterinary and farming purposes. Although its exposure to humans and animals causes toxicity in the kidney and other primary organs, our objective was to assess the defensive effects of sitagliptin (Sita) and additionally curcumin (Cur) in the DLM-intoxicated rats' kidney. DLM-intoxicated rats revealed a huge increase of various biochemical parameters in serum identified with kidney damage: uric acid, urea, and creatinine. DLM intoxication altogether increased renal lipid peroxidation, and critically restrained antioxidative biomarkers including superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase. Likewise, it increased the tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-1 beta level in serum. Additionally, DLM intoxication diminished the outflow of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway in rats. Both Sita and Cur act against DLM-prompted serum along with renal tissue biochemical parameters when utilized alone or in a mix alongside DLM intoxication. Besides this, both Sita and Cur delivered synergetic nephroprotective, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory impacts. Consequently, it could be presumed that Sita as well as Cur administration can limit the poisonous impacts of DLM by their free radical-scavenging, strong antioxidant, and Nrf2/HO-1 pathway upregulation activity.