4.7 Article

Dealing with growing forest insect pests: The role of top-down regulationPalabras Clave

Journal

JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY
Volume 56, Issue 11, Pages 2574-2576

Publisher

WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13418

Keywords

engineering practices; forest management; forest pests; forest structure; insect predators; nest boxes; top-down regulation; plagas forestales; depredadores de insectos; estructura forestal; cajas nido; gestion del bosque; practicas ingenieriles; regulacion top-down

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Forest insect pests are becoming increasingly common in Europe. A recent paper published in this journal dealt with a particular case of pest spreading in Portuguese coniferous forests. The authors discussed the effect that mass trapping and clear-cut belts had on slowing down the invasion and suggested that likely causes of pest spreading are stress due to global warming and the introduction of exotic species. Inspired by that paper, we defend here the point that forest communities are not only regulated by bottom-up mechanisms, such as water stress, but also by top-down mechanisms, such as predation. We provide information from European metadata showing that forest biomass grew by 38% (1991-2015) whereas forest insectivorous passerine trends were stable (1980-2016).Synthesis and applications. We suggest that rebounding European forests are too young to support large communities of insectivorous birds and that an effective way to solve pest problems could be to promote the use of nest boxes for them (and for other insect predators), as it was done in the past in large reforestations implemented in Spain. Additionally, the presence of large mammalian herbivores is needed to reduce the density of trees in forests. Priority should be given to this ecological management in comparison with massive trapping and clear-cut belt construction or at least it should be used together with those engineering practices. Resumen Las plagas forestales se estan haciendo cada vez mas comunes en Europa. Un articulo publicado recientemente en esta revista analizo la expansion de una plaga forestal en bosques de coniferas de Portugal. Los autores discutieron el efecto que tuvo el trampeo masivo y la construccion de cortafuegos a la hora de reducir la invasion y sugirieron que las posibles causas de la invasion fueron el calentamiento global y la introduccion de especies exoticas. Inspirados por este articulo defendemos aqui que las comunidades forestales no estan reguladas solo por mecanismos que operan de abajo-arriba (bottom-up), como el estres hidrico, sino tambien por mecanismos que operan de arriba-abajo (top-down), como la depredacion. Proporcionamos informacion de grandes bases de datos europeas que muestran como la biomasa forestal crecio un 38% en el periodo 1991-2015 mientras que las tendencias de los paseriformes forestales insectivoros permanecieron estables durante el periodo 1980-2016.Sintesis y aplicaciones. Sugerimos que las masas forestales en recuperacion son demasiado jovenes para albergar grandes comunidades de aves insectivoras y que una posible medida para disponer de masas forestales sanas, alternativa al trampeo masivo de insectos, podria ser la instalacion de cajas nido para fauna insectivora, como se hizo en el pasado en Espana, en epocas de repoblacion masiva con coniferas. Ademas de ello seria necesario potenciar la abundancia de los grandes mamiferos herbivoros para reducir las altas densidades actuales de las masas forestales. Pensamos que estas practicas de tipo ecologico deberian tener prioridad sobre las practicas ingenieriles o, al menos, ser empleadas en conjuncion con estas.

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