Journal
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
Volume 67, Issue 37, Pages 10432-10447Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04778
Keywords
composite nanogel; cyanidin-3-O-glucoside; cellular uptake; monolayer permeability; intracellular antioxidant activity
Funding
- National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents [BX201700101]
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2017M621668]
- Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province [BK20180298]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31801555, 31601435]
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A composite nanogel was developed for cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) delivery by combining Maillard reaction and heat gelation. The starting materials utilized were ovalbumin, dextran, and pectin. C3G-loaded nanogel was spherical with a diameter of similar to 185 nm, which was maintained over a wide range of pH and NaCl concentrations. The composite nanogel enhanced the chemical stability of C3G under accelerated degradation models and a simulated gastrointestinal tract. Clathrin-mediated, caveolae-mediated, and macropinocytosis-related endocytosis contributed to the higher cellular uptake of nano-C3G than that of free-C3G. The apparent permeability coefficients of C3G increased 2.16 times after nanoencapsulation. The transcytosis of the C3G-bearing nanogel occurred primarily through the clathrin-related pathway and macropinocytosis and followed the common recycling endosomes-endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi complex-basolateral plasma membrane route. Moreover, nano-C3G was more efficient in restoring the viability of cells and activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes than free-C3G in oxidative models, which may be attributed to the former's high cellular absorption.
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