An analytical model for shear behaviour of bolted rock joints

Rock bolts have been widely used to reinforce the jointed rock mass. Modelling the mechanical shear behaviors of the bolted rock joints are difficult due to the complex interactions between bolts and rock joints. The applied pretension forces combined with the axial loads developed in the bolt act as the normal forces which are applied to the rock joints. However, these combined normal forces are not considered in the existing analytical models. An analytical model is proposed in this study to predict the shear behavior of the bolted rock joints, by taking into account the pretension forces, the axial forces developed in the bolt, the interfacial bond stress between the bolt and grout, and dowel shear loads acing transversely to the bolt axis. The proposed analytical model is able to provide complete curves of the dowel shear loads, axial loads, and the global shear loads as a function of the joint shear displacement. The analytically predicted axial load vs shear displacement curves and the global shear load vs shear displacement curves are verified by available experimental tests. The validation shows that the proposed model has the capacity to predict the global shear load evolution as well as the axial load evolution. The factors such as the pretension forces, the bolt inclination angles, the concrete strength and the rock joint friction are successfully accounted for in the analytical model.