Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE
Volume 14, Issue -, Pages 6615-6630Publisher
DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S217245
Keywords
XPS; wettability; protein adsorption; osteogenic differentiation; cell proliferation; cryogel
Funding
- National Science Centre (NCN) (Poland) [UMO-2018/31/B/ST8/00945]
- NCN in Poland [UMO-2017/24/C/ST8/00400, POPW.01.03.00-06-010/09-00]
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Background: Nanocomposites produced by reinforcement of polysaccharide matrix with nanoparticles are widely used in engineering of biomaterials. However, clinical applications of developed novel biomaterials are often limited due to their poor biocompatibility. Purpose: The aim of this work was to comprehensively assess biocompatibility of highly macroporous chitosan/agarose/nanohydroxyapatite bone scaffolds produced by a novel method combining freeze-drying with a foaming agent. Within these studies, blood plasma protein adsorption, osteoblast (MC3T3-E1 Subclone 4 and hFOB 1.19) adhesion and proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue were determined. The obtained results were also correlated with materials' surface chemistry and wettability to explain the observed protein and cellular response. Results: Obtained results clearly showed that the developed nanocomposite scaffolds were characterized by high biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. Importantly, the scaffolds also revealed osteoinductive properties since they have the ability to induce osteogenic differentiation (Runx2 synthesis) in undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells. The surface of biomaterials is extremely hydrophilic, prone to protein adsorption with the highest affinity toward fibronectin binding, which allows for good osteoblast adhesion, spreading, and proliferation. Conclusion: Produced by a novel method, macroporous nanocomposite biomaterials have great potential to be used in regenerative medicine for acceleration of the bone healing process.
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