Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
Volume 142, Issue -, Pages 163-171Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.088
Keywords
Lignosulfonates; Size exclusion chromatography; Metal complexation; Molecular weight fraction; Micronutrients
Funding
- State Research Agency, Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain [AGL2013-44474-R, RTI2018-096268-B-100]
- Comunidad de Madrid (Spain)
- Structural Funds 2014-2020 (ERDF) project [AGRISOST-CM S2018/BAA-4330]
- Structural Funds 2014-2020 (ESF) project [AGRISOST-CM S2018/BAA-4330]
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT, Mexico) [278934]
- Consejo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion de Hidalgo (CITNOVA, Mexico)
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Lignosulfonates (LSs) are by-products from the paper industry used as biodegradable fertilizers. However, metal-LS ability to provide micronutrients to crops is related to the stability of the complex and the amount of metal complexed. This work evaluated these parameters using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and C-13-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), along with gel filtration chromatography (GFC) and high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), for different spruce, eucalyptus, and pine LSs. GFC and HPSEC pointed out that the amount and type of complexed metal in the IS depends on the molecular weight, pH, and sulphite pulping processes. Both techniques indicated that the low molecular weight LS enriched with phenolic groups has the highest Fe(III) com-plexing capacity. Also, Fe(III)/LS showed the formation of high molecular weight compounds, whereas Zn(II)/LS and Mn(II)/LS complexes did not form aggregates. Metal-LS fractionation provided considerable information to identify LSs with potential fertilizer capacity and to assess the effectiveness of their complexes. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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