Journal
GENES & DEVELOPMENT
Volume 33, Issue 19-20, Pages 1319-1345Publisher
COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT
DOI: 10.1101/gad.329573.119
Keywords
kidney development; metanephros; pluripotent stem cell; kidney organoid; nephron progenitor; podocyte; collecting duct; single-cell transcriptional profiling
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Funding
- NHMRC [GNT1156567]
- Australian Research Council [DP190101037]
- National Health and Medical Research Council [GNT1100970, GNT1098654]
- National Institutes of Health [DK107344-02]
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There are now many reports of human kidney organoids generated via the directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) based on an existing understanding of mammalian kidney organogenesis. Such kidney organoids potentially represent tractable tools for the study of normal human development and disease with improvements in scale, structure, and functional maturation potentially providing future options for renal regeneration. The utility of such organotypic models, however, will ultimately be determined by their developmental accuracy. While initially inferred from mouse models, recent transcriptional analyses of human fetal kidney have provided greater insight into nephrogenesis. In this review, we discuss how well human kidney organoids model the human fetal kidney and how the remaining differences challenge their utility.
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