Membrane Separation Processes Applied to Whey: A Review

Whey is a residue of the dairy industry and its polluting potential can surpass that of domestic sewage due to its high chemical and biochemical oxygen demands, COD and BOD, respectively. This is attributed to its composition, being rich in proteins, lactose, minerals, and vitamins, and presents a challenge in terms of its disposal. In this regard, membrane separation processes have received much attention in recent years, especially to recover the whey protein. The aim of this review is to disseminate previously studied alternatives for the recovery of the main whey components, adding value, and minimizing the environmental impact.