Journal
EXPERT REVIEW OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS
Volume 19, Issue 11, Pages 997-1005Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS
DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1673162
Keywords
Cholangiocarcinoma; -omics approaches; biomarkers; diagnosis; prognosis
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Funding
- Thailand Research Fund via TRF-MRC Joint Health Research [DBG5980004]
- Medical Research Council (MRC) UK via TRF-MRC Joint Health Research [DBG5980004]
- Khon Kaen University Research Fund [KKU61004405]
- Research Affairs and Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Thailand [60163]
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Introduction: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignancy of the biliary tract. CCA generally has a low incidence worldwide but incidence is typically high in Southeast Asian countries, particularly in northeastern Thailand, where small liver-fluke (Opisthorchis viverrini) infection is endemic. CCA has a poor prognosis as most CCA patients present with advanced stages. Poor prognosis and worse outcomes are due to the lack of specific and early-stage CCA biomarkers. Areas covered: In this review, we discuss the use of CCA tissues, serum and bile samples as sources of diagnostic and prognostic markers by using -omics approaches, including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics and proteomics. The current state of the discovery of molecular candidates and their potential to be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for CCA are summarized and discussed. Expert opinion: Various potential molecules have been discovered, some of which have been verified as diagnostic biomarkers for CCA. However, most identified molecules require much further evaluation to help us find markers with high specificity, low cost and ease-of-use in routine diagnostic laboratories.
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