Journal
EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
Volume 51, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0304-5
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Funding
- National Key R&D Program of China [2017YFC0908903, 2017YFC0909601]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81873565, 81470840, 81600464, 31471129, 31671224]
- Chinese Academy of Sciences [ZDBS-SSW-DQC-02]
- K.C. Wong Education Foundation
- Shanghai Sailing Program [18YF1415900]
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Microbial metabolites have emerged as critical components that mediate the metabolic effects of the gut microbiota. Here, we show that indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), a tryptophan metabolite produced by gut bacteria, is a potent antinon-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) microbial metabolite. Here, we demonstrate that administration of IPA modulates the microbiota composition in the gut and inhibits microbial dysbiosis in rats fed a high-fat diet. IPA induces the expression of tight junction proteins, such as ZO-1 and Occludin, and maintains intestinal epithelium homeostasis, leading to a reduction in plasma endotoxin levels. Interestingly, IPA inhibits NE-kappa B signaling and reduces the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as INF alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6, in response to endotoxin in macrophages to repress hepatic inflammation and liver injury. Moreover, IPA is sufficient to inhibit the expression of fibrogenic and collagen genes and attenuate diet-induced NASH phenotypes. The beneficial effects of IPA on the liver are likely mediated through inhibiting the production of endotoxin in the gut. These findings suggest a protective role of IPA in the control of metabolism and uncover the gut microbiome and liver cross-talk in regulating the intestinal microenvironment and liver pathology via a novel dietary nutrient metabolite. IPA may provide a new therapeutic strategy for treating NASH.
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