Assessment of formaldehyde levels in relation to respiratory and allergic symptoms in children from Alba County schools, Romania

Our study assessed the exposure to formaldehyde of Romanian school children in relation to the classroom indoor environment characteristics and respiratory and allergic symptoms reported in a questionnaire survey, using the data collected in the SINPHONIE (Schools Indoor Pollution and Health: Observatory Network in Europe) project. Measurements of formaldehyde and microclimate parameters were conducted in three classrooms per school, in five schools, together with one outdoor measurement at each school. Questionnaires were used to collect information on classroom characteristics and health effects among children. The indoor formaldehyde levels for a school week varied between 15.5 and 66.2 mu g/m(3), with a median value of 34.8 mu g/m(3). The adjusted odds ratios for allergy-like, asthma-like, and flu-like symptoms were 3.23 (95% CI 1.31-8.00), 2.69 (95% CI 1.04-6.97), and 2.39 (95% CI 1.04-5.50), respectively, when exposed to higher formaldehyde levels (>= 35 mu g/m(3)) during a school week, compared to lower formaldehyde level exposure (< 35 mu g/m(3)). Higher levels of indoor formaldehyde were significantly associated with health symptoms in children. The high indoor formaldehyde levels were related to the use of water-resistant paint for ceiling coverings, moisture damage signs, and lower classroom natural ventilation rates.