Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 21, Issue 10, Pages 3909-3926Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14741
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Funding
- Sichuan Science and Technology Program (Applied Fundamental Research Project) [2018JY0637]
- Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest [201503137]
- Innovative Improvement Projects of Sichuan Province [2016ZYPZ-028, 2019LWJJ-009, 2016LWJJ-007]
- Key Breeding Project of Sichuan Province
- Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE, Region Lorraine, European Regional Development Fund [ANR-11-LABX-0002-01]
- SAAS International Cooperation Fund 2015
- Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
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The black morel (Morchella importuna Kuo, O'Donnell and Volk) was once an uncultivable wild mushroom, until the development of exogenous nutrient bag (ENB), making its agricultural production quite feasible and stable. To date, how the nutritional acquisition of the morel mycelium is fulfilled to trigger its fruiting remains unknown. To investigate the mechanisms involved in ENB decomposition, the genome of a cultivable morel strain (M. importuna SCYDJ1-A1) was sequenced and the genes coding for the decay apparatus were identified. Expression of the encoded carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) was then analyzed by metatranscriptomics and metaproteomics in combination with biochemical assays. The results show that a diverse set of hydrolytic and redox CAZymes secreted by the morel mycelium is the main force driving the substrate decomposition. Plant polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose present in ENB substrate (wheat grains plus rice husks) were rapidly degraded, whereas triglycerides were accumulated initially and consumed later. ENB decomposition led to a rapid increase in the organic carbon content in the surface soil of the mushroom bed, which was thereafter consumed during morel fruiting. In contrast to the high carbon consumption, no significant acquisition of nitrogen was observed. Our findings contribute to an increasingly detailed portrait of molecular features triggering morel fruiting.
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