Journal
ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 105, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2019.106497
Keywords
Carbon-based electrodes; Disposable electrochemical sensors; Graphite foil; Paper electrodes; Batch-injection analysis
Categories
Funding
- Brazilian agency CAPES [001, 23038.007073/2014-12]
- Brazilian agency FAPEMIG [APQ-02118-15, PPM-00640-16]
- Brazilian agency CNPq [406529/2016-7, 308504/2018-6, 307271/2017-0]
- Brazilian Institute of Science and Technology (INCT) [INCTBio 465389/2014-7]
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Flexible pyrolytic graphite sheets or graphite paper (GP) are a promising source of disposable (low-cost) electrochemical sensors. This work demonstrates the improvement in the electrochemical performance of graphite paper either after a simple electrochemical activation in acid media using cyclic voltammetry or after cold reactive plasma treatment using CO2 and O-2 gases. Cyclic voltammetry of the redox probe ferri-ferrocyanide showed higher electrochemical reversibility on the treated surfaces, which was corroborated by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (lower charge transfer resistance). Scanning electron microscopy revealed a high number of grooves on the treated surfaces after both electrochemical and plasma treatments and Raman spectroscopy showed more structural defects (higher D/G ratios), which may explain the improved cyclic voltammetric response of the redox probe. As a proof-of-concept, the graphite paper was evaluated for dopamine detection using cyclic voltammetry and amperometry under flow conditions. Improved performance on treated surfaces, especially after CO2-plasma treatment, was verified. The electrochemical activation is a simple strategy to improve the sensing properties of graphite paper; however, cold-plasma treated surfaces provided better sensing properties probably due to the production of higher number of structural defects.
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