Journal
DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
Volume 155, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107818
Keywords
Cardio-metabolic risk factors; Glycaemic control; Low-carbohydrate diet; Type 1 diabetes
Categories
Funding
- Academy of Finland [316664]
- Novo Nordisk Foundation [NNF14SA0003]
- Signe and Ane Gyllenberg Foundation
- Folkhalsan Research Foundation
- Helsinki University Central Hospital Research Funds
- Wilhelm and Else Stockmann Foundation
- Liv och Halsa Society, Finland
- Paivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation
- Academy of Finland (AKA) [316664, 316664] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)
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Aims: Low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) has gained interest among individuals with diabetes as a means to manage glycaemia. We investigated the adherence to LCD in the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study and whether carbohydrate restriction is associated with cardio-metabolic risk factors. Methods: Cross-sectional data were available from 902 individuals with type 1 diabetes (44% men, age 47 +/- 13 years). Dietary data were collected twice with a 3-day diet record. Mean of the measurements was used. Carbohydrate intake <130 g/day or <26 E% was used as indication of LCD. Individuals reporting LCD were compared to sex-, diabetes duration- and eGFR-matched controls with higher carbohydrate intakes (>253 g/day or >48 E%). In the whole population, carbohydrate-to-fat ratio was calculated and its association with health variables was investigated. Results: Higher carbohydrate-to-fat ratio was associated with higher blood glucose variability, higher blood pressure, lower HDL cholesterol concentration, and in men with lower waist-to-hip ratio. LCD adherence (n = 69) was associated with lower BMI (25.6 vs. 27.8 kg/m(2), p = 0.030), lower variability of blood glucose measurements (0.38 vs. 0.45 mmol/l, p = 0.030), and lower diastolic blood pressure (74 vs. 79 mmHg, p = 0.048). Men reporting LCD had higher total (5.1 vs. 4.0 mmol/l, p = 0.007) and non-HDL cholesterol (3.4 vs. 2.7 mmol/l, p = 0.021). Women with LCD had higher HDL-cholesterol concentration (1.9 vs. 1.5 mmol/l, p = 0.014). Conclusions: Reduced blood glucose variability, related to LCD, could have clinical relevance to individuals with type 1 diabetes. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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