Journal
CURRENT BIOLOGY
Volume 29, Issue 16, Pages 2640-+Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.06.081
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Funding
- NEI [R01EY022933, R01EY025087]
- Pew Charitable Trusts
- McKnight Endowment Fund for Neuroscience
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- E. Matilda Ziegler Foundation
- Stanford Medical Scientist Training Program, an NSF IGERT graduate fellowship
- NIH R25 [R25MH060482]
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In response to a changing sensory environment, sensory systems adjust their neural code for a number of purposes, including an enhanced sensitivity for novel stimuli, prediction of sensory features, and the maintenance of sensitivity. Retinal sensitization is a form of short-term plasticity that elevates local sensitivity following strong, local, visual stimulation and has been shown to create a prediction of the presence of a nearby localized object. The neural mechanism that generates this elevation in sensitivity remains unknown. Using simultaneous intracellular and multi-electrode recording in the salamander retina, we show that a decrease in tonic amacrine transmission is necessary for and is correlated spatially and temporally with ganglion cell sensitization. Furthermore, introducing a decrease in amacrine transmission is sufficient to sensitize nearby ganglion cells. A computational model accounting for adaptive dynamics and nonlinear pathways confirms a decrease in steady inhibitory transmission can cause sensitization. Adaptation of inhibition enhances the sensitivity to the sensory feature conveyed by an inhibitory pathway, creating a prediction of future input.
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