Journal
ASSAY AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGIES
Volume 14, Issue 3, Pages 194-206Publisher
MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC
DOI: 10.1089/adt.2016.701
Keywords
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Funding
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health [R21AI119114, R21AI112694]
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We describe development and validation of ahigh-throughput screen (HTS) for identifying small molecules that restore the efficacy of carbapenems (adjunctives) and/or directly inhibit growth of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). Our HTS assay is based on a screen-counterscreen approach using a representative multidrug-resistant CRE strain, Klebsiella pneumoniae BIDMC12A. Specifically, we tested the ability of small molecules to inhibit bacterial growth in the presence (screen) or absence (counterscreen) of meropenem, a representative carbapenem antibiotic. Primary screening of 11,698 known bioactive compounds identified 14 with adjunctive activity and 79 with direct antimicrobial effect. Secondary screening identified triclosan as a strongly synergistic meropenem adjunctive (fractional inhibitory concentration=0.48) and confirmed azidothymidine (AZT) (minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC]=4g mL(-1)), NH125 (MIC=4g mL(-1)), diphenyleneiodonium chloride (MIC=8g mL(-1)), and spectinomycin (MIC=32g mL(-1)) as potent direct antimicrobials.Spectrum of activity of AZT and spectinomycin was tested against a collection of 103 representative Enterobacteriaceae strains (approximate to 50% CRE). AZT, a nucleoside analog used to treat human immunodeficiency virus, demonstrated an MIC50 of 2g mL(-1). Spectinomycin, an antibiotic used to treat gonorrhea, had an MIC50 of 32g mL(-1). Therefore, a significant percentage of CRE strains appeared relatively susceptible to these antimicrobials. These data identified AZT and spectinomycin as available agents warranting further study for potential treatment of multidrug-resistant CRE infection. Our results provide proof of principle and impetus for performing a large-scale HTS for discovery of novel, small-molecule adjunctives and antibacterial agents directly targeting CRE.
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