Journal
AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS
Volume 18, Issue 8, Pages 814-824Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2019.03.016
Keywords
Gut microbiota; Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; Probiotics; Multiple sclerosis; Akkermansia muciniphila; Mucosal immunity
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Funding
- National Multiple Sclerosis Society, USA [6003279]
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The heritable genetic variation that explains phenotypic differences in a population fluctuates for different autoimmune disorders. Particularly in multiple sclerosis (MS) etiology, modest genetic and major environmental effects emerge. Increasingly recognized as a major environmentally shaped contributor to disease and treatment outcomes are gut microbiota. As discussed here, the observed impact of gut microbiome on MS pathophysiology, involves both quantitative and functional changes in composition, metabolism, gut permeability, homeostasis and modulation of the immune system. Although the first supplementary therapeutic interventions have been approached in general autoimmune disorders they are relatively cruder and a translation of knowledge from other pathologies is valuable but still required. Consequently initial therapeutic interventions with microbiota for autoimmune disorders could be correspondingly improved.
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