Journal
ADVANCED MATERIALS
Volume 31, Issue 46, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904058
Keywords
apoptosis; cancer; immunogenic cell death; nanoparticles; osmosis
Categories
Funding
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China [20720180054] Funding Source: Medline
- National Science Foundation [R01AI123383, NSF1552617] Funding Source: Medline
- National Science Foundation of China [81771977] Funding Source: Medline
- NHLBI NIH HHS [R01NS093314] Funding Source: Medline
- NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI123383] Funding Source: Medline
- NIAMS NIH HHS [R01AR070178, R01 AR070178] Funding Source: Medline
- NIBIB NIH HHS [R01EB022596, R01 EB022596] Funding Source: Medline
- NIEHS NIH HHS [R43ES027374] Funding Source: Medline
- NIOSH CDC HHS [R21OH010473] Funding Source: Medline
- Alternatives Research and Development Foundation Funding Source: Medline
- Xiamen Science and Technology Plan Project [3502Z20183017] Funding Source: Medline
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2018YFA0107301] Funding Source: Medline
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Many inorganic nanoparticles are prepared and their behaviors in living systems are investigated. Yet, common electrolytes such as NaCl are left out of this campaign. The underlying assumption is that electrolyte nanoparticles will quickly dissolve in water and behave similarly as their constituent salts. Herein, this preconception is challenged. The study shows that NaCl nanoparticles (SCNPs) but not salts are highly toxic to cancer cells. This is because SCNPs enter cells through endocytosis, bypassing cell regulations on ion transport. When dissolved inside cancer cells, SCNPs cause a surge of osmolarity and rapid cell lysis. Interestingly, normal cells are much more resistant to the treatment due to their relatively low sodium levels. Unlike conventional chemotherapeutics, SCNPs cause immunogenic cell death or ICD. In vivo studies show that SCNPs not only kill cancer cells, but also boost an anticancer immunity. The discovery opens up a new perspective on nanoparticle-based therapeutics.
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