Journal
ACS NANO
Volume 13, Issue 10, Pages 11363-11371Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04728
Keywords
hollow multihole carbon bowls; finite element simulation; von Mises stress; potassium-ion batteries; high cyclic stability
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation Program of China [51604025, 51774035, 51574031, 51574030, 51574029]
- Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities [FRF-TP-19-015A3, FRF-AT-18-010, FRF-TP-17-029A1]
- National Key R&D Program of China [2017YFB0306000, 2017YFB0305600]
- Natural Science Foundation Program of Beijing [2162027]
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Potassium-ion batteries are potential alternatives to lithium-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage considering the low cost and high abundance of potassium. However, it is challenging to obtain stable electrode materials capable of undergoing long-term potassiation/depotassiation due to the high accumulated stress associated with the huge volume variation of the electrode. Here, we simulate the von Mises stress distributions of four different carbon three-dimensional models under an isotropic initial stress by the finite element method and reveal the critical role of the structure of a hollow multihole bowl on the strain-relaxation behavior. In this regard, nitrogen/oxygen codoped carbon hollow multihole bowls (CHMBs) are synthesized via hydrothermal carbonization coupled with an emulsion-templating strategy using biomass as the carbon source. Consistent with our simulation results, the CHMB anode remains stable for over 1000 cycles and delivers a high reversible capacity of 304 mAh g(-1) at 0.1 A g(-1). In addition to the reduced stress accumulation, the good electrochemical performances are also attributed to the surface capacitive mechanism and the shortened electron/ion transport distance in CHMBs. In particular, the CHMB composite electrode has a volumetric specific capacity 56% higher than that of hollow spheres due to the high tapped density of the bowl-shaped particles.
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