Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 11, Issue 40, Pages 36905-36916Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12018
Keywords
organic photovoltaic devices; indoor lighting conditions; conjugated polymers; series and shunt resistances; wide-angle X-ray scattering; recombination losses; coherence length
Funding
- European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [761112]
- Technology Development Program to Solve Climate Changes of the National Research Foundation - Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning [NRF-2016M1A2A2940912, NRF-2015M1A2A2054996]
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Herein, we report a detailed study on the optoelectronic properties, photovoltaic performance, structural conformation, morphology variation, charge carrier mobility, and recombination dynamics in bulk heterojunction solar cells comprising a series of donor-acceptor conjugated polymers as electron donors based on benzodithiophene (BDT) and 5,8-bis(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-6,7-difluoro-2,3-bis(3-(octyloxy)phenyl)quinoxaline as a function of the BDTs thienyl substitution (alkyl (WF3), alkylthio (WF3S), and fluoro (WF3F)). The synergistic positive effects of the fluorine substituents on the minimization of the bimolecular recombination losses, the reduction of the series resistances (R-S), the increment of the shunt resistances (R-Sh), the suppression of the trap-assisted recombination losses, the balanced charge transport, the finer nanoscale morphology, and the deeper highest occupied molecular orbital (E-HOMO) are manifested versus the alkyl and alkylthio substituents. According to these findings, the WF3F:[6,6]-phenyl-C-71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM)-based organic photovoltaic device is a rare example that features a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.34% under 500 lx indoor light-emitting diode light source with a high open-circuit voltage (V-OC) of 0.69 V, due to the suppression of the voltage losses, and a PCE of 9.44% at 1 sun (100 mW/cm(2)) conditions, simultaneously.
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