Journal
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
Volume 7, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00108
Keywords
Euglena gracilis; biosynthesis; dietary protein; vitamins; polyunsaturated fatty acids; wax esters; paramylon; large-scale cultivation
Funding
- Australian Research Council [IC130100009]
- international Macquarie University Research Excellence Scholarship
- Cancer Institute New South Wales Early Career Fellowship [ECF171114]
- Australian Research Council [IC130100009] Funding Source: Australian Research Council
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In recent years, the versatile phototrophic protist Euglena gracilis has emerged as an interesting candidate for application-driven research and commercialisation, as it is an excellent source of dietary protein, pro(vitamins), lipids, and the beta-1,3-glucan paramylon only found in euglenoids. From these, paramylon is already marketed as an immunostimulatory agent in nutraceuticals. Bioproducts from E. gracilis can be produced under various cultivation conditions discussed in this review, and their yields are relatively high when compared with those achieved in microalgal systems. Future challenges include achieving the economy of large-scale cultivation. Recent insights into the complex metabolism of E. gracilis have highlighted unique metabolic pathways, which could provide new leads for product enhancement by genetic modification of the organism. Also, development of molecular tools for strain improvement are emerging rapidly, making E. gracilis a noteworthy challenger for microalgae such as Chlorella spp. and their products currently on the market.
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