Lipid Modifications in Cilia Biology

Cilia are specialized cellular structures with distinctive roles in various signaling cascades. Ciliary proteins need to be trafficked to the cilium to function properly; however, it is not completely understood how these proteins are delivered to their final localization. In this review, we will focus on how different lipid modifications are important in ciliary protein trafficking and, consequently, regulation of signaling pathways. Lipid modifications can play a variety of roles, including tethering proteins to the membrane, aiding trafficking through facilitating interactions with transporter proteins, and regulating protein stability and abundance. Future studies focusing on the role of lipid modifications of ciliary proteins will help our understanding of how cilia maintain specific protein pools strictly connected to their functions.