Journal
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
Volume 8, Issue 7, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/jcm8071001
Keywords
sestrins; oxidative stress; mTOR; autophagy; neurodegenerative diseases
Categories
Funding
- Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan [MOST 106-2314-B-010-018-MY3, MOST 107-2314-B-010-020-MY3, MOST 106-2314-B-182-031, MOST 107-2314-B-182A-001]
- Chang Gung Medical Foundation [CMRPG8F1891, CMRPG8F1892, CMRPG8F1513]
- Department of Health in Taipei City Government, Taiwan [10601-62-003, 10801-62-003]
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University from The Featured Areas Research Center Program by the Ministry of Education (MOE) in Taiwan [107BRC-B408, 108BRC-B407]
- Development and Construction Program for School of Medicine in National Yang-Ming University in Taiwan [107F-M01]
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Low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical for the operation of regular neuronal function. However, heightened oxidative stress with increased contents of oxidation markers in DNA, lipids, and proteins with compromised antioxidant capacity may play a harmful role in the brain and may be implicated in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Sestrins, a family of evolutionarily-conserved stress-inducible proteins, are actively regulated by assorted stresses, such as DNA damage, hypoxia, and oxidative stress. Three highly homologous genes that encode sestrin1, sestrin2, and sestrin3 proteins exist in the genomes of vertebrates. Under stressful conditions, sestrins are activated with versatile functions to cope with different types of stimuli. A growing body of evidence suggests that sestrins, especially sestrin2, can counteract oxidative stress, lessen mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) expression, and promote cell survival, thereby playing a critical role in aging-related disorders including neurodegeneration. Strategies capable of augmenting sestrin expression may; thus, facilitate cell adaptation to stressful conditions or environments through stimulation of antioxidant response and autophagy process, which may carry clinical significance in neurodegenerative diseases.
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