Noncoding RNAs in exercise-induced cardio-protection for chronic heart failure

Chronic heart failure (CHF) has long been a major medical care burden on society due to its high morbidity and mortality. Although lots of evidence has demonstrated the beneficial impacts of exercise on CHF, termed exercise-induced cardioprotection (EIC), the underlying mechanisms and applicability of Ware elusive and controversial, and thus, clinical applications are difficult. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are potential therapeutic targets for CHF. Increasing number of ncRNAs were found to play a role in EIC and CHF. The purpose of this review is to illustrate the current knowledge of ncRNAs in EIC for CHF as well as their prospective and limitations in clinical application. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.