Metabolic programming of macrophage functions and pathogens control

Macrophages (M phi) are central players in mediating proinflammatory and immunomodulatory functions. Unchecked M phi activities contribute to pathology across many diseases, including those caused by infectious pathogens and metabolic disorders. A fine balance of M phi responses is crucial, which may be achieved by enforcing appropriate bioenergetics pathways. Metabolism serves as the provider of energy, substrates, and byproducts that support differential M phi characteristics. The metabolic properties that control the polarization and response of M phi remain to be fully uncovered for use in managing infectious diseases. Here, we review the various metabolic states in M phi and how they influence the cell function.