Tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)-Nanomaterial Co-Reactant Electrochemiluminescence

Searching biocompatible electrochemiluminescence (ECL) co-reactants for tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)), a classical ECL reagent, has attracted extensive attention to expanding its analytical applications and improving sensing performances. Advances in nanomaterial science promote the discovery of novel co-reactants and new enhancement mechanisms for Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) ECL. In this Minireview, we discuss the current progress in Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)-nanomaterial co-reactant ECL with an emphasis on enhancement mechanisms and sensing strategies developed. Four kinds of nanomaterials for Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) ECL enhancement are classified into two groups, according to the working mechanisms and presented in the order of novelty. Perspectives on the promises and challenges facing this field are also discussed.