Journal
NANO ENERGY
Volume 61, Issue -, Pages 594-603Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.04.080
Keywords
Self-healing; Layered structure; Ge-based; Anode; Li-ion batteries
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21701030, 51801096, 51702241]
- Guangdong Province Natural Science Foundation [2017A030310241]
- Innovative talents cultivation project of outstanding youth in Guangdong Province [2016KQNCX038]
- Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou City [201804010392]
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [1112000139]
- Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program, China [2014ZT05N200]
- US National Science Foundation [DMR-1742828]
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Ge is considered a promising anode candidate for Li-ion batteries (LIBs); however, its practical applicability is hindered by the relatively slow Li-ion diffusion owing to the stiffness of the diamond-like structure. Inspired by little difference in electronegativity between Ge and P, we have designed a novel layered GeP anode for LIBs, which can be readily synthesized using a mechano-chemical method and a subsequent low-temperature annealing. In particular, GeP demonstrates the best performances among all Ge-based anode materials studied, attributed to its fast Li-ion diffusion compared to Ge counterpart and a unique Li-storage mechanism that involves intercalation, conversion, and alloying, as confirmed by XRD, TEM, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy. Specially, the initial layered crystal structure of GeP can be reconstructed during charging due to its low formation energy, thus offering remarkable reversibility during cycling. Further, this study implies that the formation energy of crystal structures could be an important parameter for strategic design of large-capacity anode materials for LIBs.
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