A review on real-time simulation and analysis methods of microgrids

Microgrid is a recently developed concept for future power systems. The main characteristics of the microgrid are the capability of integration of renewable energy sources and the ability to operate in two grid-connected and islanded modes. A significant challenge of microgrid implementation is developing comprehensive control methods to ensure efficient, stable, and reliable operation. Real-time studies are a promising approach in this case. In this paper, various real-time energy management approaches have been thoroughly explained following a new categorization of them. A significant literature review of real-time simulation and modeling methods has also been presented. A review of different applications of hardware-in-the-loop testing of the microgrid is included in the present study. Finally, a discussion on demand for further research has been made. The presented work is organized to allow a reader to understand the importance of real-time studies of microgrids and highlight trends in literary works without delving deeply into each one.