Atmospheric Dry Deposition of Water-Soluble Nitrogen to the Subarctic Western North Pacific Ocean during Summer

To estimate dry deposition flux of atmospheric water-soluble nitrogen (N), including ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), and water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON), aerosol samples were collected over the subarctic western North Pacific Ocean in the summer of 2016 aboard the Korean icebreaker IBR/V Araon. During the cruise, concentrations of NH4+, NO3-, and WSON in bulk (fine + coarse) aerosols ranged from 0.768 to 25.3, 0.199 to 5.94, and 0.116 to 14.7 nmol m(-3), respectively. Contributions of NH4+, NO3-, and WSON to total water-soluble N represented similar to 74%, similar to 17%, and similar to 9%, respectively. Water-soluble N concentrations showed a strong gradient from the East Asian continent to the subarctic western North Pacific Ocean, indicating that water-soluble N species were mainly derived from anthropogenic or terrestrial sources. During sea fog events, coarse mode NO3- was likely to be scavenged more efficiently by fog droplets than fine mode NO3-; besides, WSON was detected only in fine mode, suggesting that there may have been a significant influence of sea fog on WSON, such as the photochemical conversion of WSON into inorganic N. Mean dry deposition flux for water-soluble total N (6.3 +/- 9.4 mu mol m(-2) d(-1)) over the subarctic western North Pacific Ocean was estimated to support a minimum carbon uptake of 42 +/- 62 mu mol C m(-2)d(-1) by using the Redfield C/N ratio of 6.625.