Journal
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 10, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11260-3
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Funding
- ERC [680083, 679646]
- Academy of Finland (Center of Excellence HYBER)
- Academy of Finland Flagship Programme Photonics Research and Innovation (PREIN) [320165]
- Academy of Finland [301820, 316416]
- Academy of Finland (AKA) [316416, 316416] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)
- European Research Council (ERC) [679646] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
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Living systems have inspired research on non-biological dynamic materials and systems chemistry to mimic specific complex biological functions. Upon pursuing ever more complex life-inspired non-biological systems, mimicking even the most elementary aspects of learning is a grand challenge. We demonstrate a programmable hydrogel-based model system, whose behaviour is inspired by associative learning, i.e., conditioning, which is among the simplest forms of learning. Algorithmically, associative learning minimally requires responsivity to two different stimuli and a memory element. Herein, nanoparticles form the memory element, where a photoacid-driven pH-change leads to their chain-like assembly with a modified spectral behaviour. On associating selected light irradiation with heating, the gel starts to melt upon the irradiation, originally a neutral stimulus. A logic diagram describes such an evolution of the material response. Coupled chemical reactions drive the system out-of-equilibrium, allowing forgetting and memory recovery. The findings encourage to search nonbiological materials towards associative and dynamic properties.
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