4.6 Review

Animal Models for Hepatitis E Virus

Journal

VIRUSES-BASEL
Volume 11, Issue 6, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/v11060564

Keywords

Hepatitis E virus; animal model; zoonosis; cross-species infection; pathogenicity; vaccine

Categories

Funding

  1. Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen) [G0D2715N]
  2. Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology (IWT SBO project HLIM-3D)
  3. Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO) [IUAP P7/47-HEPRO-2]
  4. Ghent University
  5. Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen
  6. EOS project) [VirEOS 30981113]

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an underdiagnosed pathogen with approximately 20 million infections each year and currently the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis. HEV was long considered to be confined to developing countries but there is increasing evidence that it is also a medical problem in the Western world. HEV that infects humans belongs to the Orthohepevirus A species of the Hepeviridae family. Novel HEV-like viruses have been observed in a variety of animals and some have been shown to be able to cross the species barrier, causing infection in humans. Several cell culture models for HEV have been established in the past years, but their efficiency is usually relatively low. With the circulation of this virus and related viruses in a variety of species, several different animal models have been developed. In this review, we give an overview of these animal models, indicate their main characteristics, and highlight how they may contribute to our understanding of the basic aspects of the viral life cycle and cross-species infection, the study of pathogenesis, and the evaluation of novel preventative and therapeutic strategies.

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