Journal
VIRUSES-BASEL
Volume 11, Issue 7, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/v11070626
Keywords
enterovirus; evolution; noncoding region; untranslated region; internal ribosome entry site; phylogeny
Categories
Funding
- Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development from the Japan International Cooperation Agency [JP16jm0110001]
- Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development from Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) [JP16jm0110001]
- Japan Initiative for Global Research Network on Infectious Diseases from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sport, Science and Technology in Japan (MEXT) [JP16fm0108013]
- Japan Initiative for Global Research Network on Infectious Diseases from AMED [JP16fm0108013]
- Research Program on Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases from the AMED [17fk0108204h0902]
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [19H04832]
- Leading Initiative for Excellent Young Researchers from the MEXT [16809810]
- Leading Initiative for Excellent Young Researchers from JSPS [16809810]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [19H04832] Funding Source: KAKEN
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The 5 ' untranslated region (UTR) of the RNA genomes of enteroviruses possesses an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) that directs translation of the mRNA by binding to ribosomes. Infection with enterovirus D68 causes respiratory symptoms and is sometimes associated with neurological disorders. The number of reports of the viral infection and neurological disorders has increased in 2010s, although the reason behind this phenomenon remains unelucidated. In this study, we investigated the evolutionary and functional diversity of the 5 ' UTR of recently circulating strains of the virus. Genomic sequences of 374 viral strains were acquired and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. The IRES activity of the viruses was measured using a luciferase reporter assay. We found a highly conserved sequence in the 5 ' UTR and also identified the location of variable sites in the predicted RNA secondary structure. IRES activities differed among the strains in some cell lines, including neuronal and respiratory cells, and were especially high in strains of a major lineage from the recent surge. The effect of mutations in the 5 ' UTR should be studied further in the future for better understanding of viral pathogenesis.
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