Journal
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
Volume 25, Issue 25, Pages 3151-3167Publisher
BAISHIDENG PUBLISHING GROUP INC
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i25.3151
Keywords
Hepatocellular carcinoma; Mechanisms; Immunotherapy
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Funding
- Natural Science Foundation of China [81172789, 30972692, 81373222]
- National Basic Research Program of China 973 Program [2013CB531503]
- National Mega Project on Major Infectious Diseases Prevention and Treatment [2012ZX10002006]
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Liver cancer is one of the most common malignancies, and various pathogenic factors can lead to its occurrence and development. Among all primary liver cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common. With extensive studies, an increasing number of molecular mechanisms that promote HCC are being discovered. Surgical resection is still the most effective treatment for patients with early HCC. However, early detection and treatment are difficult for most HCC patients, and the postoperative recurrence rate is high, resulting in poor clinical prognosis of HCC. Although immunotherapy takes longer than conventional chemotherapy to produce therapeutic effects, it persists for longer. In recent years, the emergence of many new immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies, has given new hope for the treatment of HCC.
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