Journal
TRENDS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE
Volume 25, Issue 11, Pages 1010-1023Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.06.007
Keywords
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Funding
- AASLD Foundation Pinnacle Research Award in Liver Disease
- Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center Pilot/Feasibility Project
- Internal Research Grant (IRG) Program at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an inflammation-induced and chemotherapy-resistant cancer. Dysregulated signaling in the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) pathway plays a central role in inflammation, fibrogenesis, and immunomodulation in the HCC microenvironment. This review dissects the genetic landscape of the TGF-beta superfamily genes in HCC and discusses the essential effects of this pathway on the tumor immune microenvironment. We highlight the TGF-beta signature as a potential biomarker for identifying individualized immunotherapeutic approaches in HCC. An improved understanding of the detailed mechanisms of liver cancer immunogenicity and the specific role of TGF-beta in mediating immunotherapy resistance in HCC will provide important insights into HCC immune escape and promote the development of biomarker-derived combination immunotherapies for HCC.
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