Camel milk insuline: Pathophysiological and molecular repository

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a big health concern for human beings. Currently, the treatment regimen of diabetes includes various antidiabetic drugs, such as alpha-inhibitors, glinides, sulfonylurea and biguanides which improves the regulation of glucose but have several negative consequences for patients. Conventional insulin treatment is associated with multiple defects such as hyperinsulinemia, pain and discomfort. Camel milk Insulin is lower in molecular weight comparable to insulin which mimics interaction of insulin with their receptors. Scope and approach: Camel milk brings histopathological parameters of patients towards normal ranges. Genetic studies have reported camel insulin to be positively affecting enzymes and proteins of vital importance for cardiovascular and hepatorenal consideration. Insulin did control phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene transfer that have gluconeogenesis, and played vital role in regularization of pyruvate kinase, fatty acid synthases, glucose transferase, carnitine palmitoyl transferase, and insulin receptor substrate. In comparison to cow milk, camel milk holds higher contents of zinc that plays key role in secretory activity of islets of beta cells. On the other hands, camel milk insulin is packaged in nanoparticles that allow it to pass through stomach and allows its entry to circulatory system. It also inhibits the elevation of hormones, TNF-alpha and TGF-beta 1 levels which are produced in response to DM. Some of physical denaturation to protein while heat treatment are challenges to be tackled, however. Conclusion: This review finds camel milk insulin as an effective nutraceutical on pathophysiological and molecular grounds.