New Frontiers for Biofabrication and Bioreactor Design in Microphysiological System Development

Microphysiological systems (MPSs) have been proposed as an improved tool to recreate the complex biological features of the native nichewith the goal of improving in vitro-in vivo extrapolation. In just over a decade, MPS technologies have progressed fromsingle-tissue chips tomultitissue plates with integrated pumps for perfusion. Concurrently, techniques for biofabrication of complex 3D constructs for regenerative medicine and 3D in vitro models have evolved into a diverse toolbox for micrometer-scale deposition of cells and cell-laden bioinks. However, as the complexity of biological models increases, experimental throughput is often compromised. This review discusses the existing disparity betweenMPS complexity and throughput, then examines an MPS-terminated biofabrication line to identify the hurdles and potential approaches to over-coming this disparity.