Pretreatment techniques and analytical methods for phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals in food and environmental samples

Phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have gained people's attention worldwide because of their hazards to human health as well as their wide distributions in environmental matrices (such as air, water, and soil), food samples, and food packaging materials. Many pretreatment techniques (mainly solid-phase extraction (SPE)) and detection methods (mainly chromatographic techniques) have been used to concentrate and detect the phenolic EDCs in various samples. Bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP), and octylphenol (OP) are representative phenolic EDCs that are the most widely distributed compounds and have received much attention. Therefore, we present a review of the physicochemical properties; applications; toxicities; pretreatment techniques; detection methods; and occurrence of these phenolic EDCs in food, food packaging, and environmental samples. Furthermore, we have made predictions about the future research directions of these phenolic EDCs, mainly including toxicity mechanism, applied eco-friendly materials, pretreatment techniques, and so on. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.