Journal
THIN SOLID FILMS
Volume 682, Issue -, Pages 135-141Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2019.04.010
Keywords
Electrochromic properties; Porous films; Tungsten trioxide; Sparking method
Categories
Funding
- Science Achievement Scholarship of Thailand (SAST)
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials for Printed Electronics and Sensors (CMU-NECTECH)
- Graduate School in Chiang Mai University (GSCMU)
- Chiang Mai University
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In this paper, high porous tungsten oxide (WO3) films were prepared onto indium-doped tin oxide glass substrates by a sparking method, which is a simple and cost-effective technique. An external electric field of 6 kV/cm was applied to the sparking system in order to increase a dense surface morphology and the deposition rate of the films. In experiments, the films were deposited for 20 min at room temperature and post-annealed from 200 to 500 degrees C for 1 h under atmospheric pressure. High porosity of the WO3 films was fabricated by the sparking method and confirmed by scanning with electron microscopy. Raman spectra and X-ray diffraction patterns show the monoclinic phase of WO3 when the annealing temperature is higher than 300 degrees C. In addition, the electrochemical analysis was carried out by using a 0.05 M H2SO4 electrolyte solution, Pt as a counter electrode, and Ag/AgCl as a reference electrode. The fast switching speeds of 1.2 s and 2.6 s (for the coloration and bleaching state respectively), optical modulation of 16.3%, and coloration efficiency of 49.6 cm(2)/C were achieved for annealed films at 300 degrees C.
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