Indications for resection and perioperative outcomes of surgery for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms in Germany: an analysis of the prospective DGAV StuDoQ|Pancreas registry

Purpose Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) are rare, and their surgical management is complex. This study evaluated the current practice of pNEN surgery across Germany, including its adherence with guidelines and its perioperative outcomes. Methods Patients who underwent surgery for pNENs (April 2013-June 2017) were retrieved from the prospective StuDoQ\Pancreas registry of the German Society of General and Visceral Surgery and retrospectively analyzed. Results A total of 287 patients (53.7% male) with a mean age of 59.2 +/- 14.2 years old underwent pancreatic resection for pNENs. Tumors were localized in the pancreatic head ( 40.4%), body (23%), or tail (36.6%). A total of 239 (83.3%) patients underwent formal resection with lymphadenectomy, 40 (14%) parenchyma- sparing resection, and 8 ( 2.8%) only exploration. Fifty (17.4%) patients underwent a minimally invasive approach. Among the 245 patients with complete pathological information, 42 (17.1%) had distant metastases, 78 (31.8%) had stage I tumors, 74 (30.2%) stage II, and 51 (20.8%) stage III. A total of 112 (45.7%) patients had G1 tumors, 101 ( 41.2%) G2, and 24 (9.8%) G3. Nodal involvement on imaging was an independent predictor of lymph node metastasis according to the multivariable analysis (odds ratio: 0.057; 95% confidence interval: 0.016-0.209; p < 0.01). R0 resection was reported in 240 (83.6%) patients. The 30- and 90-day mortality rates were 2.8% and 4.2%, respectively. Conclusion In Germany the rate of potential curative resection for pNEN is high. However, formal pancreatic resection seems to be overrepresented, while minimally invasive resection is underrepresented.